Medical Empathy in Ontological, Epistemological, Communicative and Psychological Dimensions
Abstract
Based on philosophical and comparative approaches, the author identifies differences between medical empathy and the theoretical model of empathy established in psychology. It is emphasized that the inherent psychological understanding of empathy as an individual ability defining one's behavior does not exhaust the characteristics of empathy. The human situation in which empathy occurs requires consideration of relationships with the Other, which have an existential and value-based foundation. By incorporating the characteristics of aesthetic empathy, it is shown that the features of empathy and its ways of realization may vary depending on the situation and context. A creative element is found in empathic acts. The author highlights epistemological empathy as a distinct type of empathy that serves as a tool for scientific social-humanitarian knowledge and interdisciplinary sciences with a significant humanistic component. Epistemological empathy involves the formation of a specific cognitive orientation corresponding to the object and subject of knowledge – the individuals and the world of their existence. To characterize medical empathy, a number of provisions from the theoretical heritage of Metropolitan Anthony of Sourozh (Bloom) are included. The Christian thinker's perspective on the human situation as a universal one, forms a dual perspective of seeing humans as both unique individuals and universal beings, which is a prerequisite for medical empathy
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