Image of an “Enemy” as a Factor of Constructing the Ukrainian National Identity
Keywords:
national identity, national strategy, image of an “enemy”, “We” / “Others”/ “They”, conflict
Abstract
The article shows that contrary to the fact that constructing the image of an “Enemy” for a long time has been remaining an inseparable element of the strategy of forming a national identity, yet it should be regarded as a rudiment of the national policy of the modern period, since then homogeneous national identity was the only way to gain political independence of a conscious proper cultural cutoff of the community. Meanwhile, in today’s conditions, the formation of a homogeneous national identity is a conflict strategy that can lead to a social split and fragmentation of the state borders. Given this, strategies that are aimed at ensuring a high level of citizens’ loyalty to the political state institutions on the basis of “constitutional”, “territorial”, “regional” and other patriotism seem more fruitful. Under conditions of implementing such a strategy and rational cultural policy aimed at developing a system of super-ethnic values that will be shared by the majority of the population of a certain state, it is possible to overcome the world-view split and save the national identity.
References
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Storozhuk, S.& Goian, І. (2016), “The ethnic hrinciple as the basis of civil politics”, Cherkasy University Bulletin: Philosophy, No.11/13, рp. 31-36.
Yaсk, B. (2017), Nationalism and the moral psychology of the community [Natsionalizm i moralnaya psihologiya soobschestvay], Publishing House of the Gaidar Institute, Moscow, 520 p.
Brubaker, R. (2012), Ethnicity without groups [Etnichnost bez grupp], Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 408 p. [in Russian]
Durkheim, E. (1990), On the division of social labor. The method of sociology [O razdelenii obschestvennogo truda. Metod sotsiologii], Science, Moscow, 575 p. [in Russian]
Dzyuba, I. M (1998), “Internationalism or Russification?” [“Internatsionalizm chy rusyfikatsiia?”], KM Academia Publishing House, Kyiv, 276 p., viewed 21 January 2020, available at: http://litopys.org.ua/idzuba/dz.htm [in Ukrainian]
Ethnic groups and social boundaries. Social Organization of Cultural Differences Collection of articles [Etnicheskie gruppyi i sotsialnyie granitsyi. Sotsialnaya organizatsiya kulturnyih razlichiy Sbornik statey], (2006) / Ed. F. Bart, New Publishing House, Moscow, 200 p. [in Russian]
Gellner, E. (2003), “Nations and Nationalism; Nationalism” [“Natsii ta natsionalizm; Natsionalizm”], Taxon, Kiev, 300 pp., viewed 21 January 2020, available at: http://litopys.org.ua/gellner/gel04.htm [in Ukrainian]
Gibernau, M. (2012), The Identity of Nations [Identychnist natsii], Tempora, Kyiv, 303 p. [in Ukrainian]
Gritsay, E. & Nikolko, M. (2009), Ukraine: national identity in the mirror of the Other [Ukraina : natsionalnaya identichnost v zerkale Drugogo], European Humanities University, Vilnius, 220 p. [in Russian]
Habermas, J. (2002), “European National State: its achievements and limits. About the past and future of sovereignty and citizenship” [“Evropeyskoe natsionalnoe gosudarstvo: ego dostizheniya i predelyi. O proshlom i buduschem suvereniteta i grazhdanstva”], Nations and nationalism, Praxis, Moscow, pp. 364-380. [in Russian]
Haidt, J. (2015), “The top 10 reasons American politics are so broken”, viewed 21 January 2020, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/01/07/the-top-10-reasons-american-politicsare-worse-than-ever/?utm_term=.1726c3c50170
Hegel, G. V F. (2000), Phenomenology of the Spirit [Fenomenologiya duha], Science, Moscow, 495 p. [in Russian]
Hnatyuk, O. (2005), Farewell to Empire: Ukrainian Discussions on Identity [Proshchannia z imperiieiu: Ukrainski dyskusii pro identychnist], Criticism, Kiev, 528 p. [in Ukrainian]
Hrabovych, G. (1997), “Towards a History of Ukrainian Literature. Research, essay, controversy” [“Do istorii ukrainskoi literatury. Doslidzhennia, ese, polemika”], Fundamentals, Kiev, 604 s., viewed 21 January 2020, available at: http://litopys.org.ua/hrabo/hr06.htm [in Ukrainian]
Hrushevsky, M. (1991), Who are Ukrainians and what they want [Khto taki ukraintsi i choho vony khochut], Knowledge, Kyiv, 240 p. [in Ukrainian]
Hrytsak, Y. (2011), Passions for nationalism. An old story in a new way [Strasti za natsionalizmom. Stara istoriia na novyi lad], Criticism, Kyiv, 176 p. [in Ukrainian]
Kasyanov, G. (2007), “Ukraine-1990: “battles for history” “[“Ukraina-1990: “boi za istoriyu””], viewed 21 January 2020, available at: http://magazines.russ.ru/nlo/2007/83/ka8.html [in Russian]
Koser, L. (2000), The functions of social conflict [Funktsii sotsialnogo konflikta], Idea Press, Moscow, 208 p. [in Russian]
Kostomarov, M. (1847), “Books of being of the Ukrainian people” [“Knyhy buttia ukrainskoho narodu”], viewed 21 January 2020, available at: http://litopys.org.ua/rizne/kmt02.htm [in Ukrainian]
Kostomarov, N. (1861), “Two Russian nationalities” [“Dve russkie narodnosti”], Osnova, SPb., No. 3, pр. 33-80 [in Russian]
Kravchenko, V. (2011), “The enslavement of history: Soviet Ukraine in contemporary historiography” [“Ponevolennia istoriieiu: radianska Ukraina v suchasnii istoriohrafii”], Ukraine, the Empire, Russia. Selected articles on modern history and historiography, Criticism, Kiev, pр. 455-528. [in Ukrainian]
Kryvda, N. (2017), “Ukrainian identity as a worldview construct” [“Ukrainska identychnist yak svitohliadnyi konstrukt”], Scientific Journal of NULES of Ukraine. Series: Liberal Arts, Iss. 274, pp. 109-124 [in Ukrainian]
Lysyak-Rudnitsky, I. (1994), “Soviet Ukraine from a Historical Perspective” [“Radianska Ukraina z istorychnoi perspektyvy”], Lisyak-Rudnitsky I. Historical Essays: in 2 vols: vol. 2, Osnovy, Kiev, No. 2, pp. 457-469 [in Ukrainian]
Nowicka, E. (1990), “Swojskość i obcość jako kategorie socjologicznej analizy”, Sxvoi i obcy; E. Nowicka (red.). Instytut Socjologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa, s. 5-53.
Smith, А. (2004), Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Review of the Theories of Modern Nations and Nationalism [Natsionalizm i modernizm: Kriticheskiy obzor teoriy sovremennyih natsiy i natsionalizma], Praxis, Moscow, 464 p. [in Russian]
Stepyko, M. (2017), “Contemporary Ruthenia: An Ethnopolitical Project or the Crisis of Ukrainian National Identity” [“Suchasne rusynstvo: etnopolitychnyi proekt chy kryza ukrainskoi natsionalnoi identychnosti”], Strategic priorities. Series: Politics, No. 1, pp. 39-46. [in Ukrainian]
Storozhuk, S.& Goian, І. (2016), “The ethnic hrinciple as the basis of civil politics”, Cherkasy University Bulletin: Philosophy, No.11/13, рp. 31-36.
Yaсk, B. (2017), Nationalism and the moral psychology of the community [Natsionalizm i moralnaya psihologiya soobschestvay], Publishing House of the Gaidar Institute, Moscow, 520 p.
Published
2020-11-30
How to Cite
Kryvda, N., & Storozhuk, S. (2020). Image of an “Enemy” as a Factor of Constructing the Ukrainian National Identity. IDEAS. PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL. SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC ISSUES, (1(15)-2(16), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.34017/1313-9703-2020-1(15)-2(16)-57-66
Section
Social Philosophy
